start

verb

做事 doing sth

1. 开始，着手，动手（做或使用）
   to begin doing or using sth
   1. I start work at nine.
      我每天九点开始工作。
   2. He's just started a new job.
      他刚刚着手一项新工作。
   3. I only started (= began to read) this book yesterday.
      我昨天才开始看这本书。
   4. We need to start (= begin using) a new jar of coffee.
      我们得新开一罐咖啡了。
   5. The kids start school next week.
      孩子们下星期开学。
   6. It started to rain.
      下起雨来了。
   7. Mistakes were starting to creep in.
      不知不觉间，开始出错了。
   8. She started laughing.
      她笑了起来。
   9. It's a long story. Where shall I start?
      说来话长。我从哪儿说起呢？
   10. It's time you started on your homework.
       你该做功课了。
   11. Let's start by reviewing what we did last week.
       我们开始先来复习一下上星期学的内容。
   12. Can you start (= a new job) on Monday?
       你可以星期一就来上班吗？
   13. The best professional musicians start young .
       卓有成就的音乐家很早就接触音乐。

发生 happening

2. （使）发生，开始进行
   to start happening; to make sth start happening
   1. When does the class start?
      什么时候上课？
   2. Have you any idea where the rumour started?
      你知不知道谣言是从哪儿传出来的？
   3. Who started the fire?
      谁放的火？
   4. Do you start the day with a good breakfast?
      你早晨起来会先好好吃一顿早饭吗？
   5. You're always trying to start an argument.
      你总是想挑起争论。
   6. The news started me thinking.
      那条消息让我思考起来。

机器；车辆 machine/vehicle

3. 开动；发动；启动
   when you start a machine or a vehicle or it starts , it begins to operate
   1. Start the engines!
      发动引擎！
   2. I can't get the car started.
      这辆车我发动不起来。
   3. The car won't start.
      这辆车发动不起来。

存在 existing

4. （使）出现；发起；创办；开办
   to begin to exist; to make sth begin to exist
   1. There are a lot of small businesses starting up in that area.
      小型企业在那一地区大量涌现。
   2. They decided to start a catering business.
      他们决定开办一家酒席承办公司。

旅行 journey

5. 出发；动身；起程
   to begin a journey; to leave
   1. What time are we starting tomorrow?
      我们明天什么时候出发？

走 going/walking

6. 起身走向；奔向…而去
   to begin to move in a particular direction
   1. I started after her (= began to follow her) to tell her the news.
      我起身朝她追去，好把消息告诉她。
   2. He started for the door, but I blocked his way.
      他奔门口而来，但我挡住了他的去路。

方式；地方；层次 in particular way/from place/level

7. 以…起步（或起家）；起初是
   to begin, or to begin sth such as a career, in a particular way that changed later
   1. She started as a secretary but ended up running the department.
      她起初只是一个秘书，但最后掌管起了整个部门。
   2. The company started out with 30 employees.
      公司创业之初只有30名员工。
   3. He started life as a teacher before turning to journalism.
      他开始当过教师，后来改行搞起了新闻。
8. （从…）开始；（由…）起
   to begin from a particular place, amount or situation
   1. The trail starts just outside the town.
      足迹从刚出城的地方开始。
   2. Hotel prices start at €50 a night for a double room.
      旅馆的双人房间一宿50欧元起价。
   3. The evening started badly when the speaker failed to turn up.
      那天晚上的活动一开始挺糟糕，因为演讲者没有来。

突然一动 move suddenly

9. 突然一惊
   to move suddenly and quickly because you are surprised or afraid
   1. The sudden noise made her start.
      突如其来的声音吓了她一跳。

noun

开始 beginning

1. 开头；开端
   the point at which sth begins
   1. a perfect start to the day
      那一天的美好开端
   2. Things didn't look too hopeful at the start of the year.
      在年初，情况显得并不十分美妙。
   3. The meeting got off to a good/bad start (= started well/badly) .
      会议有了一个良好的 / 糟糕的开端。
   4. The trip was a disaster from start to finish .
      那次旅行从头到尾糟糕透顶。
   5. We've had problems (right) from the start .
      我们从（一）开始就遇到了困难。
   6. This could be the start of something big.
      这或许是要有大事的苗头。
2. 开始
   the act or process of beginning sth
   1. I'll paint the ceiling if you make a start on the walls.
      你要是动手刷墙，我就刷天花板吧。
   2. I want to make an early start in the morning.
      我想早上早点出发。
   3. She's moving abroad to make a fresh start (= to begin a new life) .
      她要移居国外，开始新的生活。

机会 opportunity

3. 起始优势；良好的基础条件
   the opportunity that you are given to begin sth in a successful way
   1. They worked hard to give their children a good start in life .
      他们力争为孩子们奠定一个良好的基础。
   2. The job gave him his start in journalism.
      那份工作是他加入新闻界的开始。

比赛 in race

4. 起点
   the place where a race begins
   1. The runners lined up at the start.
      赛跑运动员在起跑线上一字排开。
5. 起跑的提前量（时间或距离）
   an amount of time or distance that sb has as an advantage over other people at the beginning of a race
   1. She went into the second round with a five-minute start on the rest of the cyclists.
      她比其他自行车运动员提前五分钟进入第二圈。
   2. I gave the younger children a start.
      我让年幼的孩子提前起跑。
6. （参加的）比赛
   a race or competition that sb has taken part in
   1. She has been beaten only once in six starts.
      她参加了六次比赛，只败过一次。

突然一动 sudden movement

7. 突然一惊
   an act of moving your body quickly and suddenly because you are surprised, afraid, etc.
   1. She woke from the dream with a start .
      她猛地一惊，从梦中醒来。
   2. You gave me quite a start!
      你吓了我一大跳！

1. VERB 开始(做某事)
   If you start to do something, you do something that you were not doing before and you continue doing it.
   1. John then unlocked the front door and I started to follow him up the stairs...
      约翰接着打开前门，我开始跟他上楼。
   2. It was 1956 when Susanna started the work on the garden...
      苏珊娜是从 1956 年开始修建这个花园的。
   3. She started cleaning the kitchen.
      她开始打扫厨房。
   4. Start is also a noun.
      
   5. After several starts, she read the report properly.
      经过几次断续后，她开始顺利地念报告了。
2. V-ERG (使)开始;(使)发生
   When something starts, or if someone starts it, it takes place from a particular time.
   1. The fire is thought to have started in an upstairs room...
      火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。
   2. The Great War started in August of that year...
      第一次世界大战于那年 8 月爆发。
   3. Trains start at 11.00 and an hourly service will operate until 16.00...
      火车 11 点开始发出，每小时一班，一直运营到 16 点。
   4. All of the passengers started the day with a swim.
      所有的乘客那天一开始就先游了个泳。
   5. Start is also a noun.
      
   6. ...1918, four years after the start of the Great War...
      1918 年，第一次世界大战爆发4年后
   7. She demanded to know why she had not been told from the start.
      她想知道为什么一开始没有告诉她。
3. VERB (从…)开始;(从…)着手
   If you start by doing something, or if you start with something, you do that thing first in a series of actions.
   1. I started by asking how many day-care centers were located in the United States...
      我一开始先问了问美国有多少所日托中心。
   2. He started with a good holiday in Key West, Florida.
      他先去佛罗里达的基韦斯特岛度了个愉快的假期。
4. VERB 第一份工作是…
   You use start to say what someone's first job was. For example, if their first job was that of a factory worker, you can say that they started as a factory worker.
   1. Betty started as a shipping clerk at the clothes factory...
      贝蒂的第一份工作是在服装厂里当运务员。
   2. Grace Robertson started as a photographer with Picture Post in 1947.
      格雷斯·罗伯逊于 1947 年参加工作，做了《图片邮报》杂志的一名摄影师。
   3. Start off means the same as start .
      start off 同 start
   4. Mr. Dambar had started off as an assistant to Mrs. Spear's husband.
      丹巴尔先生的第一份工作是给斯皮尔夫人的丈夫当助理。
5. See also: George Granger has started a health centre and I know he's looking for qualified staff... Now is probably as good a time as any to start a business. Start up means the same as start . The cost of starting up a day care center for children ranges from $150,000 to $300,000... He said what a good idea it would be to start a community magazine up. start-up
6. V-ERG 开动，发动(发动机、汽车、机器等)
   If you start an engine, car, or machine, or if it starts, it begins to work.
   1. He started the car, which hummed smoothly...
      他发动了汽车，车发出平稳的嗡嗡声。
   2. We were just passing one of the parking bays when a car's engine started.
      我们从一个停车区经过时，一辆车发动了引擎。
   3. Start up means the same as start .
      start up 同 start
   4. He waited until they went inside the building before starting up the car and driving off...
      他一直等到他们走进大楼后才发动汽车开车离去。
   5. Put the key in the ignition and turn it to start the car up...
      将钥匙插进点火装置，然后转动钥匙发动汽车。
   6. The engine of the seaplane started up.
      水上飞机的发动机启动了。

Start, begin, and commence all have a similar meaning, although commence is more formal and is not normally used in conversation. The meeting is ready to begin... He tore the list up and started a fresh one... The space probe commenced taking a series of photographs. Note that begin, start, and commence can all be followed by an -ing form or a noun, but only begin and start can be followed by a 'to' infinitive.
start，begin和 commence 意思相近，但 commence 较正式，通常不会用在对话中，如：The meeting is ready to begin (会议就要开始了)，He tore the list up and started a fresh one (他把清单撕碎，开始另列一张)，The space probe commenced taking a series of photographs (空间探测器开始拍摄一系列照片)。要注意，begin，start 和 commence 后面都可以跟 -ing 形式或名词，但只有 begin 和 start 后面才能跟带 to 的不定式。

7. VERB 惊起;吓一跳;激灵
   If you start, your body suddenly moves slightly as a result of surprise or fear.
   1. She put the bottle on the table, banging it down hard. He started at the sound...
      她砰的一声把瓶子放到了桌子上，把他吓了一跳。
   2. Rachel started forward on the sofa. — 'You mean you've arrested Pete?'
      雷切尔从沙发上猛地往前一欠身子。——“你的意思是你已经抓到了皮特?”
   3. Start is also a noun.
      
   4. Sylvia woke with a start...
      西尔维亚猛然惊醒。
   5. He gave a start of surprise and astonishment.
      他被惊得浑身一激灵。
8. See also: head start false start
9. PHRASE 首先;第一
   You use for a start or to start with to introduce the first of a number of things or reasons that you want to mention or could mention.
   1. You must get her name and address, and that can be a problem for a start...
      你必须先打听到她的姓名和地址，而那可能就是第一个难题。
   2. It comes as a surprise to be reminded that he is 70. For a start, he doesn't look it...
      有人提醒我他 70 岁了，这很令人惊讶。首先，他看上去不像。
   3. To start with, where and when did it happen?
      首先，这事发生在何时何地？
10. PHRASE 开局顺利/开局不顺
    If you get off to a good start, you are successful in the early stages of doing something. If you get off to a bad start, you are not successful in the early stages of doing something.
    1. The new Prime Minister has got off to a good start, but he still has to demonstrate what manner of leader he is going to be...
       新首相上任后开了个好头，但他仍得展现出自己的执政风格。
    2. England got off to a bad start in the Five Nations' Championship, losing 35-10 to France.
       英格兰队在五国锦标赛中开局不利，以 10 比 35 输给了法国队。
11. PHRASE (事情、过程等)开始时，一开始
    To start with means at the very first stage of an event or process.
    1. To start with, the pressure on her was very heavy, but it's eased off a bit now...
       一开始，她的压力很大，但现在已经好些了。
    2. Success was assured and, at least to start with, the system operated smoothly.
       成功有保证了，至少该系统一开始运行得挺顺利。
12. in fits and starts → see: fit

1. We can start living a normal life again now.
   我们现在可以重新过上正常的生活了。
2. Philip and I pooled our savings to start up my business.
   我和菲利普把积蓄凑到一起开办了我的公司。
3. John then unlocked the front door and I started to follow him up the stairs
   约翰接着打开前门，我开始跟他上楼。
4. She started cleaning the kitchen.
   她开始打扫厨房。
5. The fire is thought to have started in an upstairs room
   火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。
6. The Great War started in August of that year
   第一次世界大战于那年8月爆发。
7. Trains start at 11.00 and an hourly service will operate until 16.00
   火车11点开始发出，每小时一班，一直运营到16点。
8. All of the passengers started the day with a swim.
   所有的乘客那天一开始就先游了个泳。
9. I started by asking how many day-care centers were located in the United States
   我一开始先问了问美国有多少所日托中心。
10. He started with a good holiday in Key West, Florida.
    他先去佛罗里达的基韦斯特岛度了个愉快的假期。
11. Betty started as a shipping clerk at the clothes factory
    贝蒂的第一份工作是在服装厂里当运务员。
12. Grace Robertson started as a photographer with Picture Post in 1947.
    格雷斯·罗伯逊于1947年参加工作，做了《图片邮报》杂志的一名摄影师。
13. George Granger has started a health centre and I know he's looking for qualified staff
    乔治·格兰杰开办了一个保健中心，我知道他正在物色合格的职员。
14. Now is probably as good a time as any to start a business.
    目前可能正是创业的最佳时机。
15. He started the car, which hummed smoothly
    他发动了汽车，车发出平稳的嗡嗡声。
16. We were just passing one of the parking bays when a car's engine started.
    我们从一个停车区经过时，一辆车发动了引擎。
17. She put the bottle on the table, banging it down hard. He started at the sound
    她砰的一声把瓶子放到了桌子上，把他吓了一跳。
18. Rachel started forward on the sofa. — 'You mean you've arrested Pete?'
    雷切尔从沙发上猛地往前一欠身子。——“你的意思是你已经抓到了皮特？”
19. You must get her name and address, and that can be a problem for a start
    你必须先打听到她的姓名和地址，而那可能就是第一个难题。
20. It comes as a surprise to be reminded that he is 70. For a start, he doesn't look it
    有人提醒我他70岁了，这很令人惊讶。首先，他看上去不像。
21. To start with, where and when did it happen?
    首先，这事发生在何时何地？
22. The new Prime Minister has got off to a good start, but he still has to demonstrate what manner of leader he is going to be
    新首相上任后开了个好头，但他仍得展现出自己的执政风格。
23. To start with, the pressure on her was very heavy, but it's eased off a bit now
    一开始，她的压力很大，但现在已经好些了。
24. Success was assured and, at least to start with, the system operated smoothly.
    成功有保证了，至少该系统一开始运行得挺顺利。
25. I really must start tidying the place up
    我真得开始收拾收拾这个地方了。
26. We'll start another summer vacation when July comes.
    到了7月我们又该放暑假了。
27. They are about to start.
    他们快要出发了。
28. I woke suddenly with a start.
    我突然一下子惊醒了。

  start begin commence【导航词义：开始】

  start v. 开始

〔辨析〕指动作开始且持续下去，强调开始这一事实。

  begin v. 开始

〔辨析〕最常用词，指为某一过程或进程开个头，常可与 start 换用。

  commence v. 〈正式〉开始，着手

〔辨析〕指开始某种正式行动，常伴有正式程序或一定的仪式，语气庄重。

start back

1. 动身（或起程）返回
   to begin to return somewhere

start off

1. 开始活动；动身
   to begin to move
2. 进行（或开展）起来
   to begin happening; to begin doing sth
   1. When does the class start?
      什么时候上课？
   2. Have you any idea where the rumour started?
      你知不知道谣言是从哪儿传出来的？
   3. Who started the fire?
      谁放的火？
   4. Do you start the day with a good breakfast?
      你早晨起来会先好好吃一顿早饭吗？
   5. You're always trying to start an argument.
      你总是想挑起争论。
   6. The news started me thinking.
      那条消息让我思考起来。
3. 首先进行；一开始是
   to begin by doing or being sth

start sb off (on sth)

1. 使开始（做某事）
   to make sb begin doing sth
2. 帮助某人开始（某事）
   to help sb begin doing sth
   1. There are a lot of small businesses starting up in that area.
      小型企业在那一地区大量涌现。
   2. They decided to start a catering business.
      他们决定开办一家酒席承办公司。

start on sb

1. （使用暴力或言语）向某人发起攻击
   to attack sb physically or with words
   1. What time are we starting tomorrow?
      我们明天什么时候出发？

start on at sb (about sth)

start on (at sb) about sth

1. 开始责备（某人）；开始抱怨（某事）
   to begin to complain about sth or criticize sb

start out

1. 开始从事，着手（某工作）；从业
   to begin to do sth, especially in business or work
   1. The trail starts just outside the town.
      足迹从刚出城的地方开始。
   2. Hotel prices start at €50 a night for a double room.
      旅馆的双人房间一宿50欧元起价。
   3. The evening started badly when the speaker failed to turn up.
      那天晚上的活动一开始挺糟糕，因为演讲者没有来。
2. 最初想要；起先打算
   to have a particular intention when you begin sth

start over

1. 重新开始
   to begin again

start up

start sth↔up

1. （使）启动，发动，开始
   to begin working, happening, etc.; to make sth do this
   1. I'll paint the ceiling if you make a start on the walls.
      你要是动手刷墙，我就刷天花板吧。
   2. I want to make an early start in the morning.
      我想早上早点出发。
   3. She's moving abroad to make a fresh start (= to begin a new life) .
      她要移居国外，开始新的生活。

v.

don't (you) start

• （制止某人抱怨或挑剔）别抱怨，别挑剔
  used to tell sb not to complain or be critical
  1. Don't start! I told you I'd be late.
     别抱怨啦！我跟你说过我要迟到的。

get started

• （使）开始；着手；动手
  to begin doing sth
  1. It's nearly ten o'clock. Let's get started.
     快十点了，咱们开始吧。

you, he, she, etc. started it

• 是你（或他、她等）挑起来的
  you, he, she, etc. began a fight or an argument
  1. ‘Stop fighting, you two!’ ‘He started it!’
     “你们俩，别打了！”“是他先动的手！”

start something

• 制造麻烦；惹是生非
  to cause trouble

to start with

• （给出首要理由）首先，第一
  used when you are giving the first and most important reason for sth
  1. To start with it's much too expensive…
     首先是太贵…
• 起初；开始时
  at the beginning
  1. The club had only six members to start with.
     这家俱乐部起初仅有六名会员。
  2. I'll have melon to start with.
     我要先吃甜瓜。
  3. She wasn't keen on the idea to start with.
     她一开始并不喜欢这个主意。

alarm bells ring/start ringing

• 警钟敲响；发出危险信号
  if you say that alarm bells are ringing , you mean that people are starting to feel worried and suspicious

get/set/start/keep the ball rolling

• 开始某事；继续某事
  to make sth start happening; to make sure that sth continues to happen

get/start off on the right/wrong foot (with sb)

• 开始时关系良好 / 不好
  to start a relationship well/badly
  1. I seem to have got off on the wrong foot with the new boss.
     看来我和新老板的关系一开头就不好。

n.

for a start

• （强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条）首先
  used to emphasize the first of a list of reasons, opinions, etc.
  1. I'm not working there─for a start, it's too far to travel.
     我不去那边干活儿——首先，路太远，去不了。

by/in fits and starts

• 间歇地；一阵一阵地
  frequently starting and stopping again; not continuously
  1. Because of other commitments I can only write my book in fits and starts.
     由于还承担着其他任务，我只能断断续续地写书。

get off to a flying start

get off to a flyer

• 有很好的开端；有良好的起步；开门红
  to make a very good start; to begin sth well

noun

1. the act of starting something
   1. he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations

   Synonym:    beginningcommencement

2. a turn to be a starter (in a game at the beginning)
   1. he got his start because one of the regular pitchers was in the hospital
   2. his starting meant that the coach thought he was one of their best linemen

   Synonym:    starting

3. a sudden involuntary movement
   1. he awoke with a start

   Synonym:    startlejump

4. the advantage gained by beginning early (as in a race)
   1. with an hour's start he will be hard to catch

   Synonym:    head start

5. a signal to begin (as in a race)
   1. the starting signal was a green light
   2. the runners awaited the start

   Synonym:    starting signal

6. the beginning of anything
   1. it was off to a good start

7. a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game

   Synonym:    starting linescratchscratch line

8. the time at which something is supposed to begin
   1. they got an early start
   2. she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her

   Synonym:    beginningcommencementfirstoutsetget-gokickoffstarting timeshowtimeoffset

verb

1. take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
   1. We began working at dawn
   2. Who will start?
   3. Get working as soon as the sun rises!
   4. The first tourists began to arrive in Cambodia
   5. He began early in the day
   6. Let's get down to work now

   Synonym:    get downbegingetstart outset aboutset outcommence

2. set in motion, cause to start
   1. The U.S. started a war in the Middle East
   2. The Iraqis began hostilities
   3. begin a new chapter in your life

   Synonym:    beginlead offcommence

3. play in the starting lineup

4. bring into being
   1. He initiated a new program
   2. Start a foundation

   Synonym:    originateinitiate

5. get off the ground
   1. Who started this company?
   2. We embarked on an exciting enterprise
   3. I start my day with a good breakfast
   4. We began the new semester
   5. The afternoon session begins at 4 PM
   6. The blood shed started when the partisans launched a surprise attack

   Synonym:    start upembark oncommence

6. get going or set in motion
   1. We simply could not start the engine
   2. start up the computer

   Synonym:    start up

7. begin or set in motion
   1. I start at eight in the morning
   2. Ready, set, go!

   Synonym:    goget going

8. move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm
   1. She startled when I walked into the room

   Synonym:    startlejump

9. leave
   1. The family took off for Florida

   Synonym:    departpartstart outset forthset offset outtake off

10. bulge outward
    1. His eyes popped

    Synonym:    protrudepoppop outbulgebulge outbug outcome out

11. begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job
    1. Take up a position
    2. start a new job

    Synonym:    take up

12. begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object
    1. begin a cigar
    2. She started the soup while it was still hot
    3. We started physics in 10th grade

    Synonym:    begin

13. have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense
    1. The DMZ begins right over the hill
    2. The second movement begins after the Allegro
    3. Prices for these homes start at $250,000

    Synonym:    begin

14. have a beginning characterized in some specified way
    1. The novel begins with a murder
    2. My property begins with the three maple trees
    3. Her day begins with a workout
    4. The semester begins with a convocation ceremony

    Synonym:    begin