backed

ADVERB USES 副词用法

In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘date back’ and ‘fall back on’.
除下列用法外，back还可用于date back, fall back on 等短语动词中。

1. ADV 向后；往后；往回
   If you move back, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.
   1. The photographers drew back to let us view the body...
      摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。
   2. She stepped back from the door expectantly...
      她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。
   3. He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench...
      他把她推开，她向后跌坐到长木椅上。
   4. She pushes back her chair and stands.
      她把椅子往后一推，站了起来。
2. ADV 回到原处
   If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before.
   1. I went back to bed...
      我回到床上。
   2. I'm due back in London by late afternoon...
      我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。
   3. Smith changed his mind and moved back home...
      史密斯改变主意，搬回家了。
   4. I'll be back as soon as I can...
      我会尽快回来。
   5. He made a round-trip to the terminal and back.
      他到了终点，又折回来。
3. ADV 恢复原状；回到原来的状态
   If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.
   1. The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal...
      铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。
   2. Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one...
      丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。
   3. Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order.
      我刚买了一台旧打字机，正想办法让它能够重新正常工作。
4. ADV 归还；交还；放回；收回
   If you give or put something back, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back, you then have it again after not having it for a while.
   1. She handed the knife back...
      她递还刀子。
   2. Put it back in the freezer...
      把它放回冰箱。
   3. You'll get your money back.
      钱会还给你的。
5. （将钟表）拨回
   If you put a clock or watch back, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.
6. ADV 回应（来信、电话、目光等）
   If you write or call back, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.
   1. They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it...
      他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。
   2. If the phone rings say you'll call back after dinner...
      如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。
   3. Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back.
      李看着西奥多拉，她也回视着他。
7. ADV 回到（某个话题）
   You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.
   1. Can I come back to the question of policing once again?...
      我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？
   2. To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe...
      回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。
   3. Going back to the school, how many staff are there?
      回到学校这话题上来，教职员工有多少人？
8. ADV 再次流行；再度成为潮流
   If something is or comes back, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.
   1. Short skirts are back...
      短裙又流行起来了。
   2. Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion.
      共识政治很可能再度兴起。
9. ADV 在一段距离之外
   If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it.
   1. Keep back from the edge of the platform...
      请勿靠近站台边缘。
   2. I'm a few miles back from the border...
      我距离边境数英里。
   3. He started for Dot's bedroom and Myrtle held him back.
      他正要去多特的卧室，被默特尔拦住了。
10. ADV 收拢；拢起；束起
    If something is held or tied back, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.
    1. Her hair was tied back...
       她的头发扎了起来。
    2. The curtains were held back by tassels.
       窗帘用穗子拢了起来。
11. ADV （舒适地）向后仰
    If you lie or sit back, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.
    1. She lay back and stared at the ceiling...
       她躺下盯着天花板。
    2. She leaned back in her chair and smiled.
       她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。
12. ADV 回头，转身（看或喊）
    If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.
    1. Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning...
       尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。
    2. He called back to her.
       他转身叫她。
13. ADV （表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方
    You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.
    1. Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing...
       与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。
    2. Later, back at home, the telephone rang.
       随后，家里的电话响了。
14. ADV 以前；过去；追溯至
    If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.
    1. The story starts back in 1950, when I was five...
       故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。
    2. I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year...
       今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。
    3. He contributed £50m to the project a few years back.
       几年前，他向这个项目捐资了5,000万英镑。
15. ADV 回想；回忆
    If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.
    1. I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill...
       我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。
    2. My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie.
       我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。
16. PHRASE 来回；往返
    If someone moves back and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
    1. He paced back and forth...
       他来回踱步。
    2. Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth.
       两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。
17. to cast your mind back → see: mind

NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES 名词和形容词用法

1. N-COUNT 背（部）；后背；脊背
   A person's or animal's back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.
   1. Her son was lying peacefully on his back...
      她儿子安静地仰面躺着。
   2. She turned her back to the audience...
      她转过身背对着观众。
   3. Three of the victims were shot in the back...
      其中三名受害者背部中枪。
   4. He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey's back.
      他把旧布鞍搭在驴背上。
2. N-COUNT 后面；后部
   The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.
   1. ...a room at the back of the shop...
      商店后部的一个房间
   2. She raised her hands to the back of her neck...
      她举起双手放于颈后。
   3. Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon...
      用汤勺的背面把混合料抹平。
   4. Her room was on the third floor, at the back.
      她的房间在三楼靠后的位置。
3. ADJ 后面的；后部的
   Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.
   1. He opened the back door...
      他打开了后门。
   2. Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.
      安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。
   3. ...the back room of a pub in Camden.
      在卡姆登的一个酒吧后面的房间
   4. ...the path leading to the back garden.
      通往后花园的小径
4. N-COUNT （椅子或沙发的）靠背
   The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.
   1. There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.
      椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。
5. N-COUNT （纸、信封等的）反面，背面
   The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.
   1. Send your answers on the back of a postcard.
      将答案写在明信片背面寄出。
6. N-COUNT （书等的）末尾
   The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.
   1. ...the index at the back of the book...
      书末索引
   2. You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.
      你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。
7. N-SING （用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域
   You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building.
   1. He had chickens and things round the back...
      他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。
   2. The privy's out the back.
      厕所在房子后面。
8. N-UNCOUNT （用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部
   You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building.
   1. Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes...
      丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。
   2. Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back...
      卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。
   3. She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store.
      她赶紧进到商店后面的厨房。
9. （足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫
   In team games such as football and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team.
10. （美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫
    In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends.
11. PHRASE 背着（某人）
    If you say that something was done behind someone's back, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.
    1. You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.
       你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。
12. PHRASE 完成…最困难的部分
    If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.
    1. It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country...
       看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。
    2. We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine.
       我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。
13. PHRASE 接连地；连续地
    If two or more things are done back to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption.
    1. ...two half-hour shows, which will be screened back to back.
       连续播放的两档半小时节目
14. PHRASE （衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒
    If you are wearing something back to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last.
    1. He wears his baseball cap back to front...
       他把棒球帽反戴着。
    2. The picture was printed back to front.
       图片印反了。

in AM, use 美国英语用 backward


15. PHRASE 不再（对某人）批评（或施压等）
    If you tell someone to get off your back you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you.
    1. He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.
       他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。
16. PHRASE 紧跟着；紧接着
    If you say that one thing happens on the back of another thing, you mean that it happens after that other thing and in addition to it.
    1. The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.
       8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。
17. PHRASE （使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位
    If someone is on the back foot, or if something puts them on the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively.
    1. From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare.
       今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。
    2. ...another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on the back foot.
       另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划
18. 互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便
    People say 'You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return.
19. PHRASE 希望（某人）离开
    If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave.
    1. I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.
       我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。
20. PHRASE 忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬
    If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.
    1. Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer...
       斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。
    2. Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years.
       冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。
21. PHRASE 使生气；触怒；惹恼
    If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up, they annoy you.
    1. Some food labelling practices really get my back up.
       有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。
22. off the back of a lorry → see: lorry

VERB USES 动词用法

1. VERB 背对；背向；背朝
   If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.
   1. We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street...
      我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。
   2. His garden backs onto a school.
      他的花园背朝一所学校。
2. V-ERG 倒（车）；倒退
   When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards.
   1. He backed his car out of the drive...
      他把车倒出了私人车道。
   2. The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line...
      火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。
   3. I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.
      卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。
3. VERB 支持；资助
   If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.
   1. There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.
      有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。
   2. ...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan...
      如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划
   3. The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence.
      首相得到“全民反暴力”公民运动的支持。
4. VERB 预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于
   If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.
   1. Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup...
      昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。
   2. The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three...
      马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。
   3. It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.
      发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。
5. VERB 为…伴奏（或伴唱）
   If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.
   1. She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.
      原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。
6. See also: backing

1. They're backed by allied warplanes and tanks.
   他们受到盟军战机和坦克的掩护。
2. These front-line defences are backed up by armoured units in reserve.
   前线的防务得到后备装甲部队的支援。
3. He backed his car out of the drive
   他把车倒出了私人车道。
4. The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line
   火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。
5. I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.
   卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。
6. It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.
   发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。
7. She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.
   原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。
8. They backed off in horror.
   他们心怀恐惧地退缩了。
9. A spokesman says the president has backed off from his threat to boycott the conference
   一位发言人表示总统已经收回了他将抵制这次会议的威胁。
10. The union has publicly backed off that demand.
    工会已经公开撤回了那项要求。
11. Madonna backed out of the project after much wrangling
    多番争吵之后，麦当娜退出了这个项目。
12. Wells was supposed to put up half the money, but later backed out.
    韦尔斯本应当出一半的钱，但后来他食言了。
13. The Secretary General says the declaration must now be backed up by concrete and effective actions
    秘书长说现在必须将宣言付诸具体有效的行动。
14. It is time the Government backed up its advert campaigns with tougher measures.
    是政府采取更严厉的措施来兑现其宣传承诺的时候了。
15. His employers, Norfolk social services, backed him up.
    他的雇主——诺福克社会服务中心给予了他支持。
16. The girl denied being there, and the man backed her up.
    女孩否认在场，那名男子证实了她的话。
17. He backed up a few feet and rolled the window down
    他往后倒了几英尺，然后摇下车窗。
18. Traffic into London on the M11 was backed up for several miles.
    进入伦敦的车辆在11号高速公路上堵了好几英里。
19. I backed up carefully until I felt the wall against my back
    我小心翼翼地后退，直到感觉后背碰到了墙壁。
20. She backed up a few steps.
    她后退了几步。
21. The town has been heavily bombarded by the army backed by the airforce.
    该镇遭到了有空军掩护的陆军部队的猛烈攻击。
22. When I backed out of the 100 metres, an older kid tried to browbeat me into it.
    我要退出100米比赛的时候，一个年纪大些的孩子试图吓唬我就范。
23. He repeated his claim that the people of Trinidad and Tobago backed his action
    他再次声称，特立尼达和多巴哥的人民支持他的行动。
24. He appears to have backed himself into a tight corner.
    他似乎已把自己逼入了困境。
25. The project is being backed by a letter of credit from Lasalle Bank.
    这个项目有拉萨尔银行的信用状支持。
26. Most of the lawmakers who met with the president yesterday said they backed the mission.
    大多数昨天与总统会晤的立法者说他们支持这个行动。
27. A nimble mind backed by a degree in economics gave him a firm grasp of financial matters
    机敏的头脑再加上经济学学位作后盾使他对金融问题把握非常准。
28. When the Russian parliament overturned his decision, he backed down
    俄罗斯议会推翻了他的决定，他只好作罢。
29. His nomination, while strongly backed by the President, has received tepid support in the Senate.
    尽管他的提名得到总统的大力支持，但支持他的参议员却寥寥无几。

adj

1. having a back or backing, usually of a specified type

2. used of film that is coated on the side opposite the emulsion with a substance to absorb light