endoderm

1. Pancreatic endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells generates glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells in vivo.
   人胚胎干细胞产生的胰腺内层可在体内产生对葡萄糖产生反应的胰岛素分泌细胞。
2. Germ layer& One of three distinct layers of cells that arise in the inner cell mass, the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, each of which develops into a distinctly different tissue in the embryo.
   胚胎发育到原肠胚时的细胞层，分为内胚层、中胚层、外胚层，各胚层将发育成一定的组织器官。
3. The residual cells were able to form teratoma at the injection site, and mature endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm tissues could be found in teratoma tissues.
   残留细胞注射部位形成畸胎瘤，瘤体组织中存在成熟的内胚层、中胚层和外胚层组织。
4. Ectoderm becomes skin and nerves, endoderm becomes the gut and organs such as the liver, pancreas and thymus, and mesoderm becomes muscle, bones and blood.
   外胚层形成皮肤和神经系统、内胚层形成内脏器官例如肝脏、胰腺、胸腺，中胚层则形成肌肉、骨骼和血液。
5. These epithelial elements arise embryologically from foregut endoderm in the process of bronchial tubular growth.
   这些表皮细胞在胚胎学上把源于支气管生长过程中的前内脏叫内胚层。
6. When an animal develops, embryos form three cellular or germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm-which then go on to form the body's organs and tissues.
   当一个生物产生时，胚胎将形成三个胚层外胚层、内胚层和中胚层，然后再由这些胚层形成机体的组织和器官。
7. HGF could promote the differentiation of ESC into endoderm, and more likely into myocardium.
   HGF可促进ESC向内胚层进一步分化，但更可能诱导其向心肌分化。
8. The fore-gut and hind-gut are of ectodermal origin and the mid-gut arises from endoderm.
   前肠与后肠起源于外胚层，中肠则发生自内胚层。
9. In 36~ 48 hr larvae, AP expressed strongly in the whole endoderm except the pharynx region.
   在36～48小时幼体中，碱性磷酸酶在消化道中强烈表达，但在咽鳃区不表达，同时在肌节中仍有弱的表达。
10. Lung development begins with the outgrowth of paired lung buds from the foregut endoderm that invade the surrounding mesodermal mesenchyme in a genetically predetermined pattern of branching morphogenesis and lung specific cell differentiation.
    哺乳动物肺的发育起始于从前肠内胚层发育而来的成对肺芽突起，它以分支形态发生和肺特异性细胞分化的遗传预定模式侵入周围的中胚层间质。
11. CONCLUSION: ① It was at the end of 3rd week that part of endoderm cells in foregut ventral were specialized to hepatic stem cells.
    结论：①人胚胎发育的第3周末，前肠腹侧的部分内胚层细胞特化为肝干细胞。
12. Conclusion: Added TGF-β_ 1 co-cultured with visceral endoderm like END-2 cell could achieve a synergistic effect on the differentiation of ESCs into the cardiomyocytes, and could get a higher induction efficiency.
    结论：TGFβ1联合内脏内胚层END2细胞共培养对小鼠ESCs向心肌细胞定向分化有协同作用，具有较高的诱导分化率。
13. Migratory mode: from endoderm of yolk sac to endoderm of intestinal area is passive, from dorsal mesentery to genital ridge is active.
    迁移方式：从卵黄囊内胚层到肠区内胚层为被动迁移过程；背肠系膜到生殖嵴为主动迁移过程；
14. Liver origins from endoderm and is an important hematopoietic organ in embryo.
    肝脏由胚胎内胚层演变而来，胚胎期肝具有重要的造血功能。
15. When cultured as aggregates embryoid bodies derived from ES cells recapitulate early steps of embryo development in structure including formation of endoderm on the surface of the inner cell mass differentiation of columnar epithelium and formation of central cavity.
    ES细胞在体外分化所形成的拟胚体在结构上能够模仿早期胚胎发育过程，包括在内细胞团表面形成内胚层、柱状上皮细胞的分化，以及中央空腔的形成。
16. The distribution of B cells supported the theory that the B cells originated from the endoderm.
    B细胞具有其内胚层起源的形态学基础。
17. The cytogenesis and migratory path of Rana chensinensis PGCs ( primordial germ cells) was studied with paraffin section. Result is:① PGCs originated from the endoderm of the yolk-sac.
    采用石蜡切片的方法对中国林蛙原始生殖细胞（primordialgermcells，PGCs）的发生及迁移路径进行研究，结果表明：①中国林蛙原始生殖细胞发生于卵黄囊内胚层；
18. AP began to appear in the posterior endoderm of 24-h larvae.
    到24小时在后部内胚层中也开始表达（Fig.3）；
19. AIM To analyze the differentiation features of embryonic stem cells ( ESCs) induced by visceral endoderm-like END-2 cell.
    目的探讨内脏内胚层样END-2细胞体外诱导胚胎干细胞（embryonicstemcells，ESCs）分化为心肌细胞的特征。
20. HGF prompted the ESC to develop further into visceral endoderm and mesoderm ( myocardium), but both of them only expressed a low level of hepatocyte-specific metabolic functions.
    HGF促进ESC向内脏内胚层和中胚层（心肌）分化，但两者仅能表达低水平的肝细胞特异性功能。
21. Objectives: Being able to simultaneously express all genes of germline, endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, bone marrow mesenchymal stem Cells ( MSCs) are considered to have the potential to differentiate to other tissues and cell lines.
    目的骨髓间充质干细胞（MesenchymalStemcells，MSCs）能同时表达内胚层、中胚层和外胚层等所有三个胚层的基因，具有向其它细胞和组织多向分化的潜能。
22. The positive reaction in the ectoderm is stronger than the endoderm in the phase of gastrulae.
    原肠胚外胚层阳性反应较内胚层强。
23. The gene is located on the long arm of human chromosome 19 present in fetal intestine and differentiation from the endoderm to the tumor cell membrane.
    其基因位于人类19号染色体长臂上，存在于胎儿肠道和由内胚层分化来的肿瘤细胞膜上。
24. We in turn to explore whether the codon usage, genomic GC content, gene distribution, and gene age are also correlated with the developmental stage-related patterns of gene expression in differentiation processes of endoderm.
    我们接下来要探索，在内胚层的分化路径中，小鼠基因的密码子偏好，基因组GC含量，基因分布和基因年龄是否仍同与发育阶段相关的基因表达模式有关。
25. It is strongly expressed in the heart primordium, head mesoderm and weakly in the differentiating endoderm at segmentation stage.
    Z-MRLC于体节期在心脏原基、头部中胚层中的表达较强，在分化中的内胚层中表达较弱。
26. In embryonic development, liver and pancreas develop from the ventral foregut endoderm at a similar time. The developmental homology decides that there is the similarity in controlling the cell proliferation and differentiation in the liver and pancreas.
    在个体发育过程中，肝脏和胰腺都起源于前肠末端，发育上的同源性提示肝脏和胰腺在细胞增殖和分化调控等方面有很高的相似性。
27. This research explored the role of pharyngeal pouch endoderm ( PPE) to development ( induction and patterning) of chick ossicle and integration of the ossicle and inner ear by quail-chick chimera.
    本研究采用鹌鹑-鸡胚移植法探索咽囊内胚层对中耳听骨发育（诱导／成形）及中耳听骨与内耳整合的作用。
28. Gastrulation of vertebrate embryos is the fundamental morphogenetic movement through which the three germ layers form: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
    脊椎动物的原肠运动是一种基本的形态发生运动。脊椎动物通过原肠运动最终形成了三胚层：外胚层，中胚层和内胚层。
29. The results showed that symbiotic algae were found predominantly in the endoderm of the tentacles and were located within vacuoles in host cells.
    结果表明，共生藻主要存在于触手组织的内胚层，被宿主细胞的空泡包围。
30. In addition, we can see that these organs and organ, most of mesoderm and endoderm posed, and the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the ectoderm, mesoderm are not all alone as a differentiation, and often is the blend.
    另外.我们可以看到，这些脏腑器官，大多由中胚层和内胚层所构成，而受外胚层的自主神经系统所调控，并不都是单独一个胚层所分化，而常是混成的。

noun

1. the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems

   Synonym:    entodermendoblastentoblasthypoblast