chalaza

1. The megasporocyte forms in late March and undergoes meiosis to form the megaspore tetrad in early April, The functional megaspore lies nearby the chalaza end.
   3月下旬大孢子母细胞形成，4月初进行减数分裂形成四分体，功能大孢子位于近合点端。
2. After the newborn endosperm nuclei divided, the cells were formed step by step from the chalaza side to the micropyle side.
   次生极核于合点端受精后，逐渐分裂形成细胞。
3. The megaspore mather cell is derived from the sporogenous cell, and divided into four megaspores by the meiotic division, megaspores present the rank of T& type, among which only one near chalaza can be developed to the embryo sac.
   造孢细胞直接发育成大孢子母细胞，它进行减数分裂形成四个呈T&形排列的大孢子，只有合点端的一个大孢子发育成胚囊。
4. Chalaza end had characteristic hypostase structure.
   合点端有明显的承珠盘结构。
5. Then the one cell near Chalaza end, which was derived from basal cell, underwent perpendicular division again, together with cells derived from apical cell, they formed embryo proper, and then sequentially formed multicellular spherical proembryo, heart-shaped embryo, Torpedo-shaped embryo, mature embryo.
   由基细胞分裂来的近合点端的一个细胞再发生纵裂，和从顶细胞分裂来的细胞共同参与胚体的形成，进而产生多细胞球形原胚，心形胚，鱼雷形胚，成熟胚。
6. With the embryo development, most of the endosperm degenerated, and the cells near chalaza entered the chalaza, digested it and further nourished the embryo.
   合点端的胚乳细胞则侵入合点珠心组织，为胚进一步发育提供营养。
7. However, the nucellus cells at the chalaza end split and reproduce, which results in the appearance of an expanded apophysis that keeps its shape until the seed becomes mature during the development process of the fruit in the coming year.
   而合点端的珠心细胞不断分裂增值，在来年的果实发育过程中，形成一球状的膨大突起并保持到种子成熟。
8. The research mainly includes the development processes of embryo and endosperm, pericarp and spermoderm as well as the changes of nucellus and chalaza.
   主要包括胚与胚乳的发育过程，果皮与种皮的发育，珠心与合点的变化。

noun

1. one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell

2. basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle