2005年考研英语 阅读真题 第1篇: Moral monkeys |
考研英语阅读真题
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But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
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Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
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Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
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Everybody loves a fat pay rise.
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Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
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They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.
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The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.
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Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study.
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They look cute.
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Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human," with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
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The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.
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2005年考研英语 阅读真题 第1篇: Moral monkeys |
考研英语阅读真题
2 / 3
Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
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the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.
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In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
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Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.
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So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,
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their behaviour became markedly different.
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However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,
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And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,
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the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
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so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,
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The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
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In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species.
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2005年考研英语 阅读真题 第1篇: Moral monkeys |
考研英语阅读真题
3 / 3
Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.
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However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,
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Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
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Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.
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or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
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